Repeater communication system with optimized amplification based on signal characteristics

ABSTRACT

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and devices for wireless communication that support techniques for optimizing amplification parameters of repeaters based on signal characteristics. In aspects, a repeater determines at least one of power of a first signal received from a first wireless communication device or power of a second signal received from a second wireless communication device, adjusts at least one of a first amplification parameter associated with the first signal or a second amplification parameter associated with the second signal based, at least in part, on at least one of the determined power of the first signal or the determined power of the second signal, and transmits at least one of the first signal based, at least in part, on the adjusted first amplification parameter or the second signal based, at least in part, on the adjusted second amplification parameter.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wirelesscommunication systems, and more particularly, to techniques foroperating repeaters based on optimized amplification parameters ofrepeaters based on signal characteristics. Some features may enable andprovide improved communications, including higher data rates, highercapacity, better spectral efficiency, and higher reliability.

INTRODUCTION

Wireless communication networks are widely deployed to provide variouscommunication services such as voice, video, packet data, messaging,broadcast, and the like. These wireless networks may be multiple-accessnetworks capable of supporting multiple users by sharing the availablenetwork resources. Such networks may be multiple-access networks thatsupport communications for multiple users by sharing the availablenetwork resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of suchmultiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such asLong Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, orLTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may bereferred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employtechnologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time divisionmultiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA),orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), or discreteFourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(DFT-S-OFDM).

A wireless communication network may include several components. Thesecomponents may include a number of base stations or network access nodesthat may simultaneously support communication for multiple communicationdevices (e.g., user equipment (UE)). A UE may communicate with a basestation via downlink and uplink. The downlink (or forward link) refersto the communication link from the base station to the UE, and theuplink (or reverse link) refers to the communication link from the UE tothe base station.

A base station may transmit data and control information on a downlinkto a UE or may receive data and control information on an uplink fromthe UE. On the downlink, a transmission from the base station mayencounter interference due to transmissions from neighbor base stationsor from other wireless radio-frequency (RF) transmitters. On the uplink,a transmission from the UE may encounter interference from uplinktransmissions of other UEs communicating with the neighbor base stationsor from other wireless RF transmitters. This interference may degradeperformance on both the downlink and uplink. Additionally, some wirelesssignals transmitted within a wireless communication system may belimited by path-loss through the air, physical blockers, or otherconstraints.

To address the wireless communication performance degradation issues,wireless communications systems may use wireless repeaters to repeat andextend signals sent between various system nodes. A signal received at arepeater may be a signal transmitted by a base station intended for aUE, a signal transmitted by a UE intended for a base station, a signaltransmitted by one UE intended for another UE, or a signal transmittedby one base station intended for another base station.

As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, thepossibilities of interference and congested networks grows with more UEsaccessing the long-range wireless communication networks and moreshort-range wireless systems being deployed in communities. Research anddevelopment continue to advance wireless technologies not only to meetthe growing demand for mobile broadband access, but to advance andenhance the user experience with mobile communications.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF SOME EXAMPLES

The following summarizes some aspects of the present disclosure toprovide a basic understanding of the discussed technology. This summaryis not an extensive overview of all contemplated features of thedisclosure and is intended neither to identify key or critical elementsof all aspects of the disclosure nor to delineate the scope of any orall aspects of the disclosure. Its sole purpose is to present someconcepts of one or more aspects of the disclosure in summary form as aprelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

In one aspect of the disclosure, a method of wireless communicationperformed by a wireless communication device includes determining atleast one of power of a first signal received from a first wirelesscommunication device or power of a second signal received from a secondwireless communication device, adjusting at least one of a firstamplification parameter associated with the first signal or a secondamplification parameter associated with the second signal based, atleast in part, on at least one of the determined power of the firstsignal or the determined power of the second signal, and transmitting atleast one of the first signal based, at least in part, on the adjustedfirst amplification parameter or the second signal based, at least inpart, on the adjusted second amplification parameter.

In an additional aspect of the disclosure, a wireless communicationdevice includes at least one processor, and a memory coupled to the atleast one processor. The at least one processor is configured todetermine at least one of power of a first signal received from a firstwireless communication device or power of a second signal received froma second wireless communication device, to adjust at least one of afirst amplification parameter associated with the first signal or asecond amplification parameter associated with the second signal based,at least in part, on at least one of the determined power of the firstsignal or the determined power of the second signal, and to transmit atleast one of the first signal based, at least in part, on the adjustedfirst amplification parameter or the second signal based, at least inpart, on the adjusted second amplification parameter.

In an additional aspect of the disclosure, a wireless communicationdevice configured for wireless communication includes means fordetermining at least one of power of a first signal received from afirst wireless communication device or power of a second signal receivedfrom a second wireless communication device, means for adjusting atleast one of a first amplification parameter associated with the firstsignal or a second amplification parameter associated with the secondsignal based, at least in part, on at least one of the determined powerof the first signal or the determined power of the second signal, andmeans for transmitting at least one of the first signal based, at leastin part, on the adjusted first amplification parameter or the secondsignal based, at least in part, on the adjusted second amplificationparameter.

In an additional aspect of the disclosure, a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium stores program code. The program code includesprogram code executable by a computer for causing the computer todetermine at least one of power of a first signal received from a firstwireless communication device or power of a second signal received froma second wireless communication device, to adjust at least one of afirst amplification parameter associated with the first signal or asecond amplification parameter associated with the second signal based,at least in part, on at least one of the determined power of the firstsignal or the determined power of the second signal, and to transmit atleast one of the first signal based, at least in part, on the adjustedfirst amplification parameter or the second signal based, at least inpart, on the adjusted second amplification parameter.

Other aspects, features, and implementations will become apparent tothose of ordinary skill in the art, upon reviewing the followingdescription of specific, exemplary aspects in conjunction with theaccompanying figures. While features may be discussed relative tocertain aspects and figures below, various aspects may include one ormore of the advantageous features discussed herein. In other words,while one or more aspects may be discussed as having certainadvantageous features, one or more of such features may also be used inaccordance with the various aspects. In similar fashion, while exemplaryaspects may be discussed below as device, system, or method aspects, theexemplary aspects may be implemented in various devices, systems, andmethods.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the presentdisclosure may be realized by reference to the following drawings. Inthe appended figures, similar components or features may have the samereference label. Further, various components of the same type may bedistinguished by following the reference label with a second label thatdistinguishes among the similar components. If just the first referencelabel is used in the specification, the description is applicable to anyone of the similar components having the same first reference labelirrespective of the second reference label.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating details of an example wirelesscommunication system that includes a repeater according to some aspectsof the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example repeater according tosome aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating details of an example wirelesscommunication system that uses repeaters for wireless communicationaccording to some aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating example features of repeatersaccording to some aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a method for optimizingamplification parameters of repeaters based on signal characteristicsaccording to some aspects of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The detailed description set forth below, in connection with theappended drawings, is intended as a description of variousconfigurations and is not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.Rather, the detailed description includes specific details for thepurpose of providing a thorough understanding of the inventive subjectmatter. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that thesespecific details are not required in every case and that, in someinstances, well-known structures and components are shown in blockdiagram form for clarity of presentation.

This disclosure relates generally to providing or participating inauthorized shared access between two or more wireless devices in one ormore wireless communications systems, also referred to as wirelesscommunications networks. In various implementations, the techniques andapparatus may be used for wireless communication networks such as codedivision multiple access (CDMA) networks, time division multiple access(TDMA) networks, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) networks,orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) networks, single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)networks, LTE networks, GSM networks, 5^(th) Generation (5G) or newradio (NR) networks (sometimes referred to as “5G NR” networks, systems,or devices), as well as other communications networks. As describedherein, the terms “networks” and “systems” may be used interchangeably.

A CDMA network, for example, may implement a radio technology such asuniversal terrestrial radio access (UTRA), cdma2000, and the like. UTRAincludes wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) and low chip rate (LCR). CDMA2000 coversIS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards.

A TDMA network may, for example implement a radio technology such asGlobal System for Mobile Communication (GSM). The 3rd GenerationPartnership Project (3GPP) defines standards for the GSM EDGE (enhanceddata rates for GSM evolution) radio access network (RAN), also denotedas GERAN. GERAN is the radio component of GSM/EDGE, together with thenetwork that joins the base stations (for example, the Ater and Abisinterfaces) and the base station controllers (A interfaces, etc.). Theradio access network represents a component of a GSM network, throughwhich phone calls and packet data are routed from and to the publicswitched telephone network (PSTN) and Internet to and from subscriberhandsets, also known as user terminals or user equipments (UEs). Amobile phone operator's network may comprise one or more GERANs, whichmay be coupled with UTRANs in the case of a UMTS/GSM network.Additionally, an operator network may also include one or more LTEnetworks, or one or more other networks. The various different networktypes may use different radio access technologies (RATs) and RANs.

An OFDMA network may implement a radio technology such as evolved UTRA(E-UTRA), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)802.11, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, flash-OFDM and the like. UTRA, E-UTRA,and GSM are part of universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS). Inparticular, long term evolution (LTE) is a release of UMTS that usesE-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, GSM, UMTS and LTE are described in documentsprovided from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project”(3GPP), and cdma2000 is described in documents from an organizationnamed “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2). These variousradio technologies and standards are known or are being developed. Forexample, the 3GPP is a collaboration between groups oftelecommunications associations that aims to define a globallyapplicable third generation (3G) mobile phone specification. 3GPP LTE isa 3GPP project which was aimed at improving UMTS mobile phone standard.The 3GPP may define specifications for the next generation of mobilenetworks, mobile systems, and mobile devices. The present disclosure maydescribe certain aspects with reference to LTE, 4G, or 5G NRtechnologies; however, the description is not intended to be limited toa specific technology or application, and one or more aspects describedwith reference to one technology may be understood to be applicable toanother technology. Additionally, one or more aspects of the presentdisclosure may be related to shared access to wireless spectrum betweennetworks using different radio access technologies or radio airinterfaces.

5G networks contemplate diverse deployments, diverse spectrum, anddiverse services and devices that may be implemented using an OFDM-basedunified, air interface. To achieve these goals, further enhancements toLTE and LTE-A are considered in addition to development of the new radiotechnology for 5G NR networks. The 5G NR will be capable of scaling toprovide coverage (1) to a massive Internet of things (IoTs) with anultra-high density (e.g., ˜1 M nodes/km²), ultra-low complexity (e.g.,˜10 s of bits/sec), ultra-low energy (e.g., ˜10+ years of battery life),and deep coverage with the capability to reach challenging locations;(2) including mission-critical control with strong security to safeguardsensitive personal, financial, or classified information, ultra-highreliability (e.g., ˜99.9999% reliability), ultra-low latency (e.g., ˜1millisecond (ms)), and users with wide ranges of mobility or lackthereof; and (3) with enhanced mobile broadband including extreme highcapacity (e.g., ˜10 Tbps/km²), extreme data rates (e.g., multi-Gbpsrate, 100+ Mbps user experienced rates), and deep awareness withadvanced discovery and optimizations.

Devices, networks, and systems may be configured to communicate via oneor more portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagneticspectrum is often subdivided, based on frequency or wavelength, intovarious classes, bands, channels, etc. In 5G NR two initial operatingbands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410MHz-7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz). The frequencies between FR1and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Although aportion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to(interchangeably) as a “sub-6 GHz” band in various documents andarticles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard toFR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave”(mmWave) band in documents and articles, despite being different fromthe extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300 GHz) which isidentified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a“mmWave” band.

With the above aspects in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, itshould be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like if usedherein may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz,may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unlessspecifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term“mmWave” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequenciesthat may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, or may bewithin the EHF band.

5G NR devices, networks, and systems may be implemented to use optimizedOFDM-based waveform features. These features may include scalablenumerology and transmission time intervals (TTIs); a common, flexibleframework to efficiently multiplex services and features with a dynamic,low-latency time division duplex (TDD) design or frequency divisionduplex (FDD) design; and advanced wireless technologies, such as massivemultiple input, multiple output (MIMO), robust mmWave transmissions,advanced channel coding, and device-centric mobility. Scalability of thenumerology in 5G NR, with scaling of subcarrier spacing, may efficientlyaddress operating diverse services across diverse spectrum and diversedeployments. For example, in various outdoor and macro coveragedeployments of less than 3 GHz FDD or TDD implementations, subcarrierspacing may occur with 15 kHz, for example over 1, 5, 10, 20 MHz, andthe like bandwidth. For other various outdoor and small cell coveragedeployments of TDD greater than 3 GHz, subcarrier spacing may occur with30 kHz over 80/100 MHz bandwidth. For other various indoor widebandimplementations, using a TDD over the unlicensed portion of the 5 GHzband, the subcarrier spacing may occur with 60 kHz over a 160 MHzbandwidth. Finally, for various deployments transmitting with mmWavecomponents at a TDD of 28 GHz, subcarrier spacing may occur with 120 kHzover a 500 MHz bandwidth.

The scalable numerology of 5G NR facilitates scalable TTI for diverselatency and quality of service (QoS) requirements. For example, shorterTTI may be used for low latency and high reliability, while longer TTImay be used for higher spectral efficiency. The efficient multiplexingof long and short TTIs to allow transmissions to start on symbolboundaries. 5G NR also contemplates a self-contained integrated subframedesign with uplink or downlink scheduling information, data, andacknowledgement in the same subframe. The self-contained integratedsubframe supports communications in unlicensed or contention-basedshared spectrum, adaptive uplink or downlink that may be flexiblyconfigured on a per-cell basis to dynamically switch between uplink anddownlink to meet the current traffic needs.

For clarity, certain aspects of the apparatus and techniques may bedescribed below with reference to example 5G NR implementations or in a5G-centric way, and 5G terminology may be used as illustrative examplesin portions of the description below; however, the description is notintended to be limited to 5G applications.

Moreover, it should be understood that, in operation, wirelesscommunication networks adapted according to the concepts herein mayoperate with any combination of licensed or unlicensed spectrumdepending on loading and availability. Accordingly, it will be apparentto a person having ordinary skill in the art that the systems, apparatusand methods described herein may be applied to other communicationssystems and applications than the particular examples provided.

The systems and techniques described in this disclosure also providevarious repeater communication system (“repeater”) techniques andmechanisms, such as techniques for measuring signal power withinrepeaters on a sub-band basis, for operating repeaters based on sub-bandpower measurements, and for optimizing amplification parameters ofrepeaters based on signal characteristics. Some repeaters within awireless communication system may be designed to be layer 1 millimeterwave repeaters (L1 mmW repeaters). These repeaters may include a lowfrequency interface (e.g., LTE, sub-6 GHz NR, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or othercommunication protocol) and a high frequency interface (e.g., a mmWaveinterface). A L1 mmW repeater may be able to receive and forward ammWave signal (e.g., with some internal signal processing, such asapplying a gain to the received signal before forwarding the amplifiedsignal), but may not be able to further interpret the content of asignal received on its mmW interface or generate new content for a mmWsignal to be transmitted on the mmW interface. As one example, in someimplementations, a L1 mmW wave repeater may lack at least some of thephysical layer, medium access control, and radio resource control(PHY/MAC/RLC) (or higher layers) protocol stack on the mmW interfacethat would be present in layer 2 or layer 3 repeaters to interpret thecontent of a received mmW signal or generate new content for a mmWsignal.

These limitations of a L1 mmW repeater may make it more difficult toperform certain access procedures, association procedures, and/or beammanagement procedures within the wireless communication system. Forexample, when a base station and a L1 mmW repeater exchange messages viaa mmW interface, the L1 mmW repeater may not be able to interpret thecontent of the received messages, such as downlink reference signals(e.g., a synchronization signal block (SSB), a channel-state informationreference signal (CSI-RS), etc.). Similarly, as another example, the L1mmW repeater may not be able to generate content for uplink referencesignals (e.g., a sounding reference signal (SRS), etc.) on the mmWinterface. These uplink and downlink reference signals could allow thebase station and repeater to better identify a preferred beam pair link.However, if the repeater cannot interpret or generate these types ofreference signals on the mmW interface, then alternative approacheswould be desired.

To enhance the operation of a wireless communication system thatincludes one or more repeaters, the repeaters may be equipped with powermeasurement and reporting capabilities. For example, a L1 mmW repeatermay include a power detector that can measure the power of a signalreceived on the mmW interface (e.g., the power of a wideband analog mmWsignal). The repeater may take one or more actions based on the powerlevel measured at the repeater. As one example, the repeater may use thepower level information to set one or more communication parameterslocally at the repeater (e.g., internal gain level, internal beammanagement parameters or configurations, etc.). As another example, therepeater may report the power measurement to another device, such as aserving base station. When the repeater is a L1 mmW repeater that doesnot generate new content for a mmW signal to be sent on the repeater'smmW interface, the L1 mmW repeater may use a side channel, such as thelow frequency interface of the L1 mmW repeater, to send the report. Thelow frequency interface of the repeater may include functionality tointerpret content from received messages and generate content for newmessages. The device (e.g., base station) that receives the report maythen set one or more communication parameters based on the powermeasurement (e.g., set a gain level of the repeater, set a transmissionpower level of a transmitting device, set a beamforming configuration,set other beam management parameters, set repeater associations, etc.).The ability to measure power metrics at the repeater may serve toimprove the access, association, and/or beam management procedureswithin a wireless communication system that includes repeaters. Furtherdetails will be described below regarding the power measurement, powermeasurement reporting, and further actions that may be taken based onthe power measurements.

While aspects and implementations are described in this application byillustration to some examples, those skilled in the art will understandthat additional implementations and use cases may come about in manydifferent arrangements and scenarios. Innovations described herein maybe implemented across many differing platform types, devices, systems,shapes, sizes, packaging arrangements. For example, implementations oruses may come about via integrated chip implementations or othernon-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles,communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retaildevice or purchasing devices, medical devices, AI-enabled devices,etc.). While some examples may or may not be specifically directed touse cases or applications, a wide assortment of applicability ofdescribed innovations may occur. Implementations may range fromchip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-levelimplementations and further to aggregated, distributed, or originalequipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one ormore described aspects. In some practical settings, devicesincorporating described aspects and features may also necessarilyinclude additional components and features for implementation andpractice of claimed and described aspects. It is intended thatinnovations described herein may be practiced in a wide variety ofimplementations, including both large devices or small devices,chip-level components, multi-component systems (e.g., radio frequency(RF)-chain, communication interface, processor), distributedarrangements, end-user devices, etc. of varying sizes, shapes, andconstitution.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating details of an example wirelesscommunication system 100 that includes a repeater 140 according to someaspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communication system 100includes base stations 105, UEs 115, and a core network 130. In someexamples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a LTE network, anLTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a 5G NR network, oranother type of network. In some cases, wireless communication system100 may support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable (e.g.,mission critical) communications, low latency communications, orcommunications with low-cost and low-complexity devices. As appreciatedby those skilled in the art, components appearing in FIG. 1 are likelyto have related counterparts in other network arrangements including,for example, cellular-style network arrangements andnon-cellular-style-network arrangements (e.g., device to device or peerto peer or ad hoc network arrangements, etc.).

Base stations 105 may wirelessly communicate with UEs 115 via one ormore base station antennas. Base stations 105 described herein mayinclude or may be referred to by those skilled in the art as a basetransceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radiotransceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation NodeB orgiga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB), a Home NodeB,a Home eNodeB, or some other suitable terminology. Wirelesscommunications system 100 may include base stations 105 of differenttypes (e.g., macro or small cell base stations). The UEs 115 describedherein may be able to communicate with various types of base stations105 and network equipment including macro eNBs, small cell eNBs, gNBs,relay base stations, and the like.

Each base station 105 may be associated with a particular geographiccoverage area 110 in which communications with various UEs 115 issupported. Each base station 105 may provide communication coverage fora respective geographic coverage area 110 via communication links 125,and communication links 125 between a base station 105 and a UE 115 mayutilize one or more carriers. Communication links 125 shown in wirelesscommunications system 100 may include uplink transmissions from a UE 115to a base station 105, or downlink transmissions from a base station 105to a UE 115. Downlink transmissions may also be called forward linktransmissions while uplink transmissions may also be called reverse linktransmissions.

The geographic coverage area 110 for a base station 105 may be dividedinto sectors making up a portion of the geographic coverage area 110,and each sector may be associated with a cell. For example, each basestation 105 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a smallcell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or various combinationsthereof. In some examples, a base station 105 may be movable andtherefore provide communication coverage for a moving geographiccoverage area 110. In some examples, different geographic coverage areas110 associated with different technologies may overlap, and overlappinggeographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies maybe supported by the same base station 105 or by different base stations105. The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, aheterogeneous LTE/LTE-A/LTE-A Pro or NR network in which different typesof base stations 105 provide coverage for various geographic coverageareas 110.

UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the wireless communications system100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 115 may also bereferred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, ahandheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitableterminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, astation, a terminal, or a client. A UE 115 may also be a personalelectronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant(PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. Insome examples, a UE 115 may also refer to a wireless local loop (WLL)station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything(IoE) device, or an MTC device, or the like, which may be implemented invarious articles such as appliances, vehicles, meters, or the like.

In some cases, a UE 115 may also be able to communicate directly withother UEs 115 (e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or device-to-device(D2D) protocol). One or more of a group of UEs 115 utilizing D2Dcommunications may be within the geographic coverage area 110 of a basestation 105. Other UEs 115 in such a group may be outside the geographiccoverage area 110 of a base station 105, or be otherwise unable toreceive transmissions from a base station 105. In some cases, groups ofUEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may utilize a one-to-many(1:M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to every other UE 115 in thegroup. In some cases, a base station 105 facilitates the scheduling ofresources for D2D communications. In other cases, D2D communications arecarried out between UEs 115 without the involvement of a base station105.

Base stations 105 may communicate with the core network 130 and with oneanother. For example, base stations 105 may interface with the corenetwork 130 through backhaul links 132 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, orother interface). Base stations 105 may communicate with one anotherover backhaul links 134 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or other interface) eitherdirectly (e.g., directly between base stations 105) or indirectly (e.g.,via core network 130).

The core network 130 may provide user authentication, accessauthorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and otheraccess, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be anevolved packet core (EPC), which may include at least one mobilitymanagement entity (MME), at least one serving gateway (S-GW), and atleast one Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW). The MME may managenon-access stratum (e.g., control plane) functions such as mobility,authentication, and bearer management for UEs 115 served by basestations 105 associated with the EPC. User IP packets may be transferredthrough the S-GW, which itself may be connected to the P-GW. The P-GWmay provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The P-GWmay be connected to the network operators IP services. The operators IPservices may include access to the Internet, Intranet(s), an IPMultimedia Subsystem (IMS), or a Packet-Switched (PS) Streaming Service.

At least some of the network devices, such as a base station 105, mayinclude subcomponents such as an access network entity, which may be anexample of an access node controller (ANC). Each access network entitymay communicate with UEs 115 through a number of other access networktransmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio head, a smartradio head, or a transmission/reception point (TRP). In someconfigurations, various functions of each access network entity or basestation 105 may be distributed across various network devices (e.g.,radio heads and access network controllers) or consolidated into asingle network device (e.g., a base station 105).

Wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or morefrequency bands, typically in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300gigahertz (GHz). Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known asthe ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band, since thewavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter inlength. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings andenvironmental features. However, the waves may penetrate structuressufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to UEs 115 locatedindoors. Transmission of UHF waves may be associated with smallerantennas and shorter range (e.g., less than 100 km) compared totransmission using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the highfrequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrumbelow 300 MHz.

Wireless communications system 100 may also operate in a super highfrequency (SHF) region using frequency bands from 3 GHz to 30 GHz, alsoknown as the centimeter band. The SHF region includes bands such as the5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands, which may be usedopportunistically by devices that may be capable of toleratinginterference from other users.

Wireless communications system 100 may also operate in an extremely highfrequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz),also known as the millimeter band. In some systems, millimeter wave(mmW) communications may occur in a frequency range (also known as“FR2”) that exists above 24 GHz (which may include portions of the totalfrequency range that are within the millimeter band as well as near themillimeter band). In some examples, wireless communications system 100may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between UEs 115 andbase stations 105, and EHF antennas of the respective devices may beeven smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some cases,this may facilitate use of antenna arrays within a UE 115. However, thepropagation of EHF transmissions may be subject to even greateratmospheric attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions.Techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions thatuse one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bandsacross these frequency regions may differ by country or regulating body.

In some cases, wireless communications system 100 may utilize bothlicensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For example,wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access(LAA), LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technologyin an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz ISM band. When operating inunlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands, wireless devices such as basestations 105 and UEs 115 may employ listen-before-talk (LBT) proceduresto ensure a frequency channel is clear before transmitting data. In somecases, operations in unlicensed bands may be based on a carrieraggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriersoperating in a licensed band (e.g., LAA). Operations in unlicensedspectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions,peer-to-peer transmissions, or a combination of these. Duplexing inunlicensed spectrum may be based on frequency division duplexing (FDD),time division duplexing (TDD), or a combination of both.

In some examples, base station 105 or UE 115 may be equipped withmultiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such astransmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) communications, or beamforming. For example, wirelesscommunications system 100 may use a transmission scheme between atransmitting device (e.g., a base station 105) and a receiving device(e.g., a UE 115), where the transmitting device is equipped withmultiple antennas and the receiving device is equipped with one or moreantennas. MIMO communications may employ multipath signal propagation toincrease the spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiplesignals via different spatial layers, which may be referred to asspatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, betransmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas ordifferent combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals maybe received by the receiving device via different antennas or differentcombinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referredto as a separate spatial stream, and may carry bits associated with thesame data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams.Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna portsused for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques includesingle-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) where multiple spatial layers are transmittedto the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) wheremultiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering,directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signalprocessing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or areceiving device (e.g., a base station 105 or a UE 115) to shape orsteer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam or receive beam) along aspatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device.Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated viaantenna elements of an antenna array such that signals propagating atparticular orientations with respect to an antenna array experienceconstructive interference while others experience destructiveinterference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antennaelements may include a transmitting device or a receiving deviceapplying certain amplitude and phase offsets to signals carried via eachof the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustmentsassociated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by abeamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g.,with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device orreceiving device, or with respect to some other orientation).

In one example, a base station 105 may use multiple antennas or antennaarrays to conduct beamforming operations for directional communicationswith a UE 115, another base station 105, or a repeater 140. Forinstance, some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, referencesignals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may betransmitted by a base station 105 multiple times in differentdirections, which may include a signal being transmitted according todifferent beamforming weight sets associated with different directionsof transmission. Transmissions in different beam directions may be usedto identify (e.g., by the base station 105 or a receiving device, suchas a UE 115 or repeater 140) a beam direction for subsequenttransmission and/or reception by the base station 105. Additionally, aUE 115 or repeater 140 may perform similar beamforming operations (asdescribed herein for the base station 105) for directionalcommunications with other devices (e.g., a base station, a UE, oranother repeater).

Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particularreceiving device, may be transmitted by a base station 105 in a singlebeam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device,such as a UE 115). In some examples, the beam direction associated withtransmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based atleast in in part on a signal that was transmitted in different beamdirections. For example, a UE 115 may receive one or more of the signalstransmitted by the base station 105 in different directions, and the UE115 may report to the base station 105 an indication of the signal itreceived with a highest signal quality, or an otherwise acceptablesignal quality. Although these techniques are described with referenceto signals transmitted in one or more directions by a base station 105,a UE 115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multipletimes in different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam directionfor subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 115), or transmittinga signal in a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to areceiving device).

A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115 or repeater 140, which may beexamples of a mmW receiving device) may try multiple receive beams whenreceiving various signals from the base station 105, such assynchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, orother control signals. For example, a receiving device may try multiplereceive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, byprocessing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, byreceiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets appliedto signals received at a plurality of antenna elements of an antennaarray, or by processing received signals according to different receivebeamforming weight sets applied to signals received at a plurality ofantenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as“listening” according to different receive beams or receive directions.In some examples a receiving device may use a single receive beam toreceive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a datasignal). The single receive beam may be aligned in a beam directiondetermined based at least in part on listening according to differentreceive beam directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have ahighest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio, or otherwiseacceptable signal quality based at least in part on listening accordingto multiple beam directions).

In some cases, the antennas of a base station 105 or UE 115 may belocated within one or more antenna arrays, which may support MIMOoperations, or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or morebase station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antennaassembly, such as an antenna tower. In some cases, antennas or antennaarrays associated with a base station 105 may be located in diversegeographic locations. A base station 105 may have an antenna array witha number of rows and columns of antenna ports that the base station 105may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115.Likewise, a UE 115 or a repeater 140 may have one or more antenna arraysthat may support various MIMO or beamforming operations.

An individual node (e.g., base station, UE, or repeater) within thewireless communications system 100 may include multiple differentcommunication interfaces each configured for a different type ofcommunication protocol. As one example, a base station 105, a UE 115, ora repeater 140 may include both a wide area network interface (e.g., 4Gor 5G cellular) and a local area network interface (e.g., IEEE 802.11Wi-Fi, or Bluetooth). As another example, a base station 105, a UE 115,or a repeater 140 may include both a high frequency network interface(e.g., mmWave) and a lower frequency network interface that uses a lowerfrequency band than the mmWave interface (e.g., LTE, sub-6 GHz NR,Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.).

Wireless communications system 100 may include one or more wirelessrepeaters 140 (also known as a relay). The wireless repeaters 140 mayinclude functionality of base station 105 and/or UE 115 for repeating,forwarding, relaying, extending, and/or redirecting wireless signals. Insome cases, a wireless repeater 140 may be used in line of site (LOS) ornon-line of sight (NLOS) scenarios. In a LOS scenario, transmissions,such as mmW transmissions, may be limited by path-loss through air,which may be overcome using beamforming techniques at the wirelessrepeater 140. In a NLOS scenario, such as in an urban area or indoors,mmW transmissions may be limited by signal blocking or signalinterfering physical objects.

The repeater 140 may provide an uplink path from a UE to a base station,a downlink path from a base station to a UE, a P2P or D2D path from oneUE to another UE, and/or a wireless backhaul path between the basestation and a core network device (e.g., via one or more other basestations). In a first example, a mmW beamforming repeater 140 may beutilized to receive a signal from a base station 105 and transmit thesignal to the UE 115, such as by receiving the signal on wireless link150 and then transmitting the signal on wireless link 152. In a secondexample, a mmW beamforming repeater 140 may be utilized to receive asignal from a UE 115 and transmit the signal to the base station 105,such as by receiving the signal on wireless link 152 and thentransmitting the signal on wireless link 150. In a third example, a mmWbeamforming repeater 140 may be utilized to receive a signal from onebase station 105 and transmit the signal to a different base station 105(e.g., in a wireless backhaul configuration), such as by receiving thesignal on wireless link 150 and then transmitting the signal on wirelesslink 154. In a fourth example, a mmW beamforming repeater 140 may beutilized to receive a signal from one UE 115 and transmit the signal toa different UE 115 (e.g., in a P2P or D2D protocol configuration), suchas by receiving the signal on wireless link 152 and then transmittingthe signal on wireless link 156. In each of these examples, the signaltransmitted may be a processed version of the received signal (e.g., anamplified version of the received signal with or without furtherprocessing such as signal phase shifting, splitting, and/or combining).Beamforming and gain control techniques may be utilized to improvesignal quality between the base station 105, repeater 140, and UE 115 byisolating signals (e.g., via beamforming) and improving or maintainingstability within a signal processing chain of the repeater (e.g., viagain control).

The mmW wireless repeater 140 may include an array of reception antennasand an array of transmission antennas. In some cases, the array ofreception antennas and the array of transmission antennas comprise thesame set of dual-pole antennas, wherein the dual pole antennas functionin a first polarization as the array of reception antennas and the dualpole antennas function in a second polarization as the array oftransmission antennas. In some cases, the antennas comprisemeta-material antennas or antenna arrays. The repeater 140 may furtherinclude a beam control system, which may comprise a processor or systemon chip (SoC) for controlling transmit and/or receive beams to reducesignal interference caused by retransmission.

In some cases, the mmW wireless repeater 140 is an analog RF repeater,and the mmW wireless repeater 140 may include a signal processing chainconnected (e.g., coupled, linked, attached) between the array ofreception of antennas and the array of transmission antennas. The signalprocessing chain may be implemented as a radio frequency integratedcircuit (RFIC), which may include RF/microwave components such as one ormore phase shifters, (low noise amplifiers) LNAs, (power amplifiers)PAs, PA drivers, gain controllers, power detectors, or other circuitry.The phase shifters may be controlled by one or more beam controllers forbeamforming to reduce signal interference. The signal processing chainmay include a feedback path for monitoring the output of one or morePAs, and adjusting gains to one or more PA drivers to the PAs and gainsto one or more LNAs based on the output. The gain adjustment mayfunction to stabilize the signal reception and transmission and improvesignal quality between devices such as base station 105 and UE 115.Accordingly, through beamforming and gain control, signal quality (e.g.,mmW signals) may be improved in LOS and NLOS scenarios.

As described, the mmW wireless repeater 140 may include components(e.g., antenna arrays and signal processing chain circuitry) in theanalog/RF domain. Accordingly, in some implementations, the mmW wirelessrepeater may not include any digital components for certain featuresdescribed herein. For example, the mmW wireless repeater, in someimplementations, may not include any digital signal processingfunctionality that would allow the repeater to decode and interpret thecontents of a received mmW signal. As another example, the mmW wirelessrepeater, in some implementations, may not include any digital signalprocessing functionality that would allow the repeater to generate newcontent for a mmWave signal to be sent to another device. In some cases,the mmW wireless repeater may include one or more side channelcomponents that allow the mmW wireless repeater to decode and interpretother types of messages (e.g., non-mmW signals). For example, the mmWwireless repeater may include a side channel communication interface forsending or receiving control messages. The received control messages mayinclude beamforming configurations from a base station 105 or anotherdevice. Example side channel communication interfaces may be implementedusing one or more of Bluetooth, ultra-wide band, wireless LAN (e.g.,IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi), LTE, or sub-6 GHz NR protocols (or other wirelesscommunication protocols). As such, the repeater may include circuitryand/or processors for transmitting, receiving, and/or processing signalsvia those protocols and controlling beamforming at the RF/microwavecomponents based on those signals.

In some cases, UE 115 and base station 105 may operate in a shared radiofrequency spectrum band, which may include licensed or unlicensed (e.g.,contention-based) frequency spectrum. In an unlicensed frequency portionof the shared radio frequency spectrum band, UEs 115 or base stations105 may traditionally perform a medium-sensing procedure to contend foraccess to the frequency spectrum. For example, UE 115 or base station105 may perform a listen-before-talk or listen-before-transmitting (LBT)procedure such as a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior tocommunicating in order to determine whether the shared channel isavailable. In some implementations, a CCA may include an energydetection procedure to determine whether there are any other activetransmissions. For example, a device may infer that a change in areceived signal strength indicator (RSSI) of a power meter indicatesthat a channel is occupied. Specifically, signal power that isconcentrated in a certain bandwidth and exceeds a predetermined noisefloor may indicate another wireless transmitter. A CCA also may includedetection of specific sequences that indicate use of the channel. Forexample, another device may transmit a specific preamble prior totransmitting a data sequence. In some cases, an LBT procedure mayinclude a wireless node adjusting its own backoff window based on theamount of energy detected on a channel or theacknowledge/negative-acknowledge (ACK/NACK) feedback for its owntransmitted packets as a proxy for collisions.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram 200 illustrating an example repeater 205according to some aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples,the devices of FIG. 2 may implement aspects of wireless communicationssystem 100, and the repeater 205 may be an example of the repeater 140of FIG. 1 . The repeater 205 includes a reception antenna array 220including a set of antennas and a transmission antenna array 225including a set of antennas. In some cases, the reception antenna array220 and the transmission antenna array 225 are the same antenna arraysincluding the same set of dual pole antennas functioning in first andsecond polarizations as the reception and the transmission antennaarray. In other cases, the reception antenna array 220 and thetransmission antenna array 225 are separate. In some cases, thereception antenna array 220 and/or the transmission antenna array 225comprise meta-material antennas.

The repeater 205 may further include a controller 210, a signalprocessing chain 215, a transceiver 230 for a first communicationinterface (e.g., a non-mmWave interface, such as an interface associatedwith LTE, sub-6 GHz NR, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.), and a transceiver 235for a second communication interface (e.g., a mmWave interface). Thenon-mmWave interface may use a frequency range that is lower than afrequency range associated with the millimeter wave interface. In someimplementations, the signal processing chain 215 includes variouscircuitry including one or more PAs, LNAs, phase shifters, dividers,and/or combiners. The signal processing chain 215 may include variousanalog/RF domain components and may be implemented as a RFIC (e.g.,MMIC). In some implementations, the signal processing chain 215 may beimplemented by a processor coupled with a memory, where the processorexecutes instructions stored on the memory to implement the signalprocessing functions of the repeater described herein. Similarly, thecontroller 210 may comprise a processor coupled with a memory, where theprocessor executes instructions stored on the memory to implement thecontroller functions of the repeater described herein. The processor andmemory associated with the controller 210 may be the same or differentthan the processor or memory associated with the signal processing chain215.

Controller 210 may include a beamformer that controls beam direction andwidth of the reception antennas 220 and/or the transmission antennas 225using the phase shifters of the signal processing chain 215 to improveor maintain isolation between various reception and transmission beams.In some cases, the controller 210, using the phase shifters, controlsbeam direction to ensure target reception and/or transmission beams aresufficiently spread apart to avoid interference. Furthermore, thecontroller 210 may utilize antenna adjustments to adjust beam width,such as certain amplitude and phase offsets to signals carried via theantenna elements of the reception antenna array 220 and the transmissionantenna array 225. In some cases, the adjustments associated with theantenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associatedto the antenna arrays 220 and 225.

In some cases, the beam configurations (e.g., width and direction) aswell as gain adjustments may be controlled by the base station 105 via aside control channel. The side control channel may operate via the firsttransceiver 230. For example, the beam controller 210 may be controlledby a base station 105 via a side channel implemented as a Bluetoothchannel, ultra-wide band channel, wireless LAN channel, LTE channel, NRsub-6 GHz channel, etc. Accordingly, the repeater 205 may includecircuitry for receiving and/or processing side channel communications tocontrol the beam controller 210. The base station 105 may transmitbeamforming control configurations based on operating environment,position of a UE, configuration of a UE, and/or other factors (e.g.,power measurements made by the repeater).

In some implementations, the repeater 205 uses the first transceiver 230for sending and/or receiving control messages, and the repeater 205 usesthe second transceiver 235 for sending and/or receiving other signalswhen the repeater 205 is acting as an intermediary between two otherdevices. For example, the repeater 205 may receive signals from a basestation 105 via the second transceiver 235 (associated with a secondcommunication interface of the repeater 205) according to a beamformingconfiguration and retransmit the signals to a UE 115 via the secondtransceiver 235 (associated with the second communication interface)according to a beamforming configuration. The repeater 205 may furtherreceive signals from a UE 115 via the second transceiver 235 (associatedwith the second communication interface) according to a beamformingconfiguration and retransmit the signals to a base station 105 via thesecond transceiver 235 (associated with the second communicationinterface) according to a beamforming configuration. As such, therepeater 205 may function to implement uplink and downlinkcommunications, and the controller 210 and signal processing chain 215may be utilized for communication in uplink or downlink scenarios. Therepeater 205 may also receive signals from one base station 105 via thesecond transceiver 235 (associated with the second communicationinterface) according to a beamforming configuration and retransmit thesignals to a different base station 105 via the second transceiver 235(associated with the second communication interface) according to abeamforming configuration (e.g., for wireless backhaul). The repeater205 may also receive signals from one UE 115 via the second transceiver235 (associated with the second communication interface) according to abeamforming configuration and retransmit the signals to a different UE115 via the second transceiver 235 (associated with the secondcommunication interface) according to a beamforming configuration (e.g.,D2D or P2P). Additionally, the repeater 205 may also receive signalsfrom another repeater 140 via the second transceiver 235 (associatedwith the second communication interface) or send signals to anotherrepeater 140 via the second transceiver 235 (associated with the secondcommunication interface) according to a receive and/or transmitbeamforming configuration (e.g., in a multi-hop repeater path).

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating details of an example wirelesscommunication system 300 that uses repeaters 140 for wirelesscommunication according to some aspects of the present disclosure.Because millimeter wave communications have a higher frequency andshorter wavelength than other types of radio waves used forcommunications (e.g., sub-6 GHz communications), millimeter wavecommunications may have shorter propagation distances and may be moreeasily blocked by obstructions than other types of radio waves. Forexample, a wireless communication that uses sub-6 GHz radio waves may becapable of penetrating a wall of a building or a structure to providecoverage to an area on an opposite side of the wall from a base station105 that communicates using the sub-6 GHz radio waves. However, amillimeter wave may not be capable of penetrating the same wall (e.g.,depending on a thickness of the wall, a material from which the wall isconstructed, and/or the like). Some techniques and apparatuses describedherein use a millimeter wave repeater 140 to increase the coverage areaof a base station 105, to extend coverage to UEs 115 without line ofsight to the base station 105 (e.g., due to an obstruction), to extendcoverage from one base station 105 to another base station 105 (e.g.,due to an obstruction or due to other forms of path loss), and/or thelike. Furthermore, the millimeter wave repeater 140 described herein maybe a layer 1 or an analog millimeter wave repeater, which is associatedwith a lower cost, less processing, and lower latency than a layer 2 orlayer 3 repeater.

As shown in FIG. 3 , a millimeter wave repeater 140 may performdirectional communication by using beamforming to communicate with abase station 105 via a first beam (e.g., a backhaul beam over a backhaullink with the base station 105) and to communicate with a UE 115 via asecond beam (e.g., an access beam over an access link with the UE 115).Alternatively, the millimeter wave repeater 140 may communicate betweentwo base stations 105 (e.g., in a wireless backhaul link) or between twoUEs 115 (e.g., in a D2D or P2P link). To achieve long propagationdistances and/or to satisfy a required link budget, the millimeter waverepeater may use narrow beams (e.g., with a beamwidth less than athreshold) for such communications.

However, using a narrower beam requires the use of more resources of themillimeter wave repeater 140 (e.g., processing resources, memoryresources, power, battery power, and/or the like) and more networkresources (e.g., time resources, frequency resources, spatial resources,and/or the like), as compared to a wider beam, to perform beam training(e.g., to determine a suitable beam), beam maintenance (e.g., to findsuitable beam as conditions change due to mobility and/or the like),beam management, and/or the like. This may use resources of themillimeter wave repeater 140 and/or network resources as compared tousing a wider beam, and may lead to increased cost of production ofmillimeter wave repeaters 140, which may be deployed extensivelythroughout a radio access network.

For example, a millimeter wave repeater 140 may be deployed in a fixedlocation with limited or no mobility, similar to a base station 105. Asshown in FIG. 3 , the millimeter wave repeater 140 may use a narrowerbeam to communicate with the base station 105 without unnecessarilyconsuming network resources and/or resources of the millimeter waverepeater 140 because the need for beam training, beam maintenance,and/or beam management may be limited, due to limited or no mobility ofthe base station 105 and the millimeter wave repeater 140 (and/or due toa line of sight communication path between the base station 105 and themillimeter wave repeater 140).

As further shown in FIG. 3 , the millimeter wave repeater 140 may use awider beam (e.g., a pseudo-omnidirectional beam and/or the like) tocommunicate with one or more UEs 115. This wider beam may provide widercoverage for access links, thereby providing coverage to mobile UEs 115without requiring frequent beam training, beam maintenance, and/or beammanagement. In this way, network resources and/or resources of themillimeter wave repeater 140 may be conserved. Furthermore, if themillimeter wave repeater 140 does not include digital signal processingcapabilities on the mmWave communication interface, resources of thebase station 105 (e.g., processing resources, memory resources, and/orthe like) may be conserved that would otherwise be used to perform suchsignal processing for the millimeter wave repeater 140, and networkresources may be conserved that would otherwise be used to communicateinput to or output of such processing between the base station 105 andthe millimeter wave repeater 140. In this way, the millimeter waverepeater 140 may increase a coverage area, provide access aroundobstructions (as shown), and/or the like, while conserving resources ofthe base station 105, resources of the millimeter wave repeater 140,network resources, and/or the like.

In general, a repeater may be a simple and cost-effective way to improvenetwork coverage. As mentioned previously, additional information, e.g.,side information, may also be received through side channels to furtherimprove the performance of a repeater. In some aspects, side informationmay include timing information, such as slot, symbol, subframe, and/orframe boundary information associated with wireless communication. Inadditional aspects, side information may also include TDDuplink/downlink configuration information, ON-OFF schedulinginformation, and/or spatial information for beam management.

In some aspects, repeaters may be designed and/or configured in avariety of ways to include one or more of the features associated withany of the repeaters described herein. For example, some repeaters, suchas traditional repeaters, may be configured without any sideinformation. Some repeaters, such as autonomous smart repeaters, may beconfigured to acquire and/or infer at least some wireless communicationconfiguration information. For example, a repeater may be configured toacquire or infer information by receiving and decoding broadcastchannels, and/or application-layer signaling from a third-party node(e.g. a server node) that is associated with a network control node.Other repeaters, such as network-controlled repeaters, may be configuredwith side information by a network control node, e.g., a gNB, via anestablished control interface. In some aspects, all side information maybe provided by a gNB. In additional aspects, some side information maybe configured by a gNB, and some side information may be acquired orinferred by the repeater itself, e.g., to reduce control overhead and/orlatency.

As mentioned previously, a repeater may be equipped with a powerdetector so that it can measure the power of received signals. Accordingto some aspects, having the capability to measure power may yieldmultiple potential benefits. For example, through received-signal powermeasurements, a repeater may be able to acquire TDD information so thatthe repeater can differentiate between downlink and uplink symbols. Insome aspects, through received-signal power measurements, a repeater maybe able to acquire beamforming configuration information. For example, arepeater may measure received-signal power on various reception beamsand find a proper beamforming configuration for later communications. Insome additional aspects, through received-signal power measurements, arepeater may determine whether there is an incoming signal. According tosome aspects, if the repeater determines that there is no incomingsignal, the repeater may turn off to save power and reduce interference.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating example features of repeatersaccording to some aspects of the present disclosure. For example, FIG. 4illustrates aspects of operations performed by repeaters. As an example,FIG. 4 illustrates that when a repeater capable of performingamplify-and-forward operations is placed between a first wirelesscommunication device 405, such as a base station/gNB, and a secondwireless communication device 415, such as a UE, the repeater mayinclude two sets of RF communication paths. A first communication path420 may be used to receive signals from the first wireless communicationdevice 405 and transmit signals to the second wireless communicationdevice 415. A second communication path 430 may be used to receivesignals from the second wireless communication device 415 and transmitsignals to the first wireless communication device 405. Although FIG. 4shows that the first wireless communication device 405 may be a gNB, aperson of ordinary skill in the art would readily recognize that thefirst wireless communication device 405 may be any type of wirelesscommunication device, such as a UE. Similarly, although FIG. 4 showsthat the second wireless communication device 415 may be a UE, a personof ordinary skill in the art would readily recognize that the secondwireless communication device 415 may be any type of wirelesscommunication device, such as a gNB.

As shown in FIG. 4 , for the first communication path 420, a repeatermay use a reception beam 422 to receive information from the firstwireless communication device 405, and the repeater may use atransmission beam 424 to transmit information to the second wirelesscommunication device 415. In some aspects, a repeater may amplifysignals received in the first communication path 420 in accordance withan amplification parameter 426 before transmitting the received signals.In some aspects, amplification parameter 426 may indicate the maximumamplification that can be applied in the first communication path 420.

Similarly, for the second communication path 430, a repeater may use areception beam 432 to receive information from the second wirelesscommunication device 415, and the repeater may use a transmission beam434 to transmit information to the first wireless communication device405. According to some aspects, a repeater may amplify signals receivedin the second communication path 430 in accordance with an amplificationparameter 436 before transmitting the received signals. According tosome aspects, amplification parameter 436 may indicate the maximumamplification that can be applied in the second communication path 430.

FIG. 4 also illustrates the coupling that may exist between the firstcommunication path 420 and the second communication path 430. Forexample, FIG. 4 illustrates the coupling 440 that may exist betweensignals transmitted by the repeater in the second communication path 430to the first wireless communication device 405 and signals received bythe repeater in the first communication path 420 from the first wirelesscommunication device 405. FIG. 4 also illustrates the coupling 450 thatmay exist between signals transmitted by the repeater in the firstcommunication path 420 to the second wireless communication device 415and signals received by the repeater in the second communication path430 from the second wireless communication device 415.

According to some aspects, the performance of a repeater may be afunction of the maximum amplifications that can be applied in therepeater's communication paths. In some aspects, to ensure systemstability, the maximum amplifications that can be applied in arepeater's communication paths may be subject to a constraint that takesinto account the amplification parameters 426 and 436 and the effects ofcoupling between the first communication path 420 and the secondcommunication path 430. In some aspects, an example constraint functionfor stability may be:

G _(max1) +G _(max2) ≤Th,  (1)

where G_(max1) may correspond to amplification parameter 426, G_(max2)may correspond to amplification parameter 436, and Th may depend on thecoupling 440 and coupling 450 between the first communication path 420and the second communication path 430.

In some aspects, signals in communication paths may be associated withone of many different types of states. According to some aspects,possible states of signals in a communication path may be present, notpresent, or unknown. The present state may indicate that desired signalsare present in a communication path, the not present state may indicatethat desired signals are not present in a communication path, and theunknown state may indicate that the repeater does not know whether ornot desired signals are present in a communication path.

According to some aspects, the amplification parameters 426 and 436 maybe set based on various factors. For example, in some aspects, theamplification parameters 426 and 436 may be set based on exampleconstraint function (1), the state of signals in first communicationpath 420, and/or the state of signals in second communication path 430.As an example, in some aspects, such as aspects where Th=100 dB, thestates may be considered in addition to example constraint function (1)when setting the amplification parameters 426 and 436 to certain values.For example, in aspects where the state of signals in firstcommunication path 420 and the state of signals in second communicationpath 430 are both present, e.g., (present, present), or both unknown,e.g., (unknown, unknown), a repeater may set both amplificationparameters 426 and 436 to have the same maximum gain factor, such asG_(max1)=50 dB and G_(max2)=50 dB. As another example, in aspects wherethe state of signals in first communication path 420 is present and thestate of signals in second communication path 430 is not present, e.g.,(present, not present), a repeater may set amplification parameter 426to have a much higher maximum gain limit than amplification parameter436, such as G_(max1)=80 dB and G_(max2)=20 dB, or the repeater may turnoff the second communication path 430 such that G_(max1)=100 dB andG_(max2)=0 dB. Similarly, in another example, in aspects where the stateof signals in first communication path 420 is not present and the stateof signals in second communication path 430 is present, e.g., (notpresent, present), a repeater may set amplification parameter 426 tohave a much lower maximum gain limit than amplification parameter 436,such as G_(max1)=20 dB and G_(max2)=80 dB, or the repeater may turn offthe first communication path 420 such that G_(max1)=0 dB andG_(max2)=100 dB. In yet another example, in aspects where the state ofsignals in first communication path 420 and the state of signals insecond communication path 430 are both not present, e.g., (not present,not present), a repeater may set both amplification parameters 426 and436 to have the same low maximum gain factor, such as G_(max1)=20 dB andG_(max2)=20 dB, or the repeater may turn off both communication paths420 and 430.

In some aspects, signals in communication paths may be associated withone or more various characteristics. According to some aspects, thecharacteristics of the signals in communication paths of repeaters maybe used, along with power measurements performed by the repeaters, todetermine the states of the signals in the communication paths. In someaspects, the characteristics of signals in communication paths may bedetermined in various ways. For example, in some aspects, a signal maybe received from a particular direction and/or angle, and that directionand/or angle may provide an indication as to whether the signal is beingreceived from a base station or a UE. As an example, a repeater maydetermine that signals received from a first direction are signalsreceived from base stations, and that signals received from a seconddirection, different than the first direction, are signals received fromUEs. As another example, a repeater may determine that signals receivedfrom an angle that has an elevation approximately equal to or greaterthan the repeater are signals received from base stations, and thatsignals received from an angle that has an elevation much lower than therepeater are signals received from UEs.

As shown, various factors, such as signal characteristics, may affectthe settings of the amplification parameters utilized by repeaters.Because, as described above, the performance of a repeater may be afunction of the maximum amplifications that can be applied in therepeater's communication paths, the settings of amplification parametersof a repeater may impact the overall performance of the repeater.

Aspects of this disclosure may provide techniques for optimizingamplification parameters of repeaters based on signal characteristics.According to some aspects, optimizing the setting of the amplificationparameters of repeaters may result in improved performance for therepeaters.

FIG. 5 , as an example, shows a block diagram illustrating a method foroptimizing amplification parameters of repeaters based on signalcharacteristics according to some aspects of the present disclosure.Aspects of method 500 may be implemented with various other aspects ofthis disclosure described with respect to FIGS. 1-3 and 4 , such as arepeater. For example, with reference to FIG. 1 , repeater 140 mayperform method 500.

FIG. 5 illustrates a method 500 that may be performed by a repeater,such as a repeater 205. At block 502, a repeater, such as repeater 140,may determine at least one of power of a first signal received from afirst wireless communication device or power of a second signal receivedfrom a second wireless communication device. For example, a repeater maymeasure and/or determine a power of a transmission of a first type ofsignal (e.g., a signal carrying first type of information) from a firstwireless communication device and/or a power of a transmission of asecond type of signal (e.g., a signal carrying second type ofinformation) from a second wireless communication device. For example,in aspects, the first signal may be a first type of signal that mayinclude a downlink front-haul signal, and the second signal may be asecond type of signal that may include an uplink access signal. In thisexample, a repeater may receive one or more of the downlink front-haulsignal and the uplink access signal and may measure the power of one orboth signals. In aspects, as will be discussed in more detail below withrespect to block 504, the repeater may perform additional operations(e.g., amplify and forward operations), based, at least in part, on theresults of the power detection operations described herein.

In aspects, a repeater may determine states of the different types ofsignals based on the determined powers of the different types ofsignals. For example, a repeater may determine a state of the firstsignal and/or the second signal based, at least in part, on thedetermined power of one or both the first and second signal. In aspects,the state of a signal may indicate whether the signal is present or not,or whether it is unknown if the signal is present. As such, the state ofa signal may include one of unknown, present, or not present (alsoreference to as “none” herein). A repeater may determine that the stateof the first signal and/or the state of the second signal is unknown,present, or not present, based, at least in part, on the determinedpower of one or both of the first signal and the second signal. Forexample, a repeater may determine that the first signal is present, notpresent, or unknown based on the determined power of the first signal,or based on the determined power of the second signal (e.g., when thestate of the first signal (e.g., based on the type of the first signal)is dependent on the state of the second signal (e.g., based on the typeof the second signal)), or based on the determined power of both thefirst signal and the second signal.

In some aspects, a repeater may utilize thresholds to determine a stateof a signal. For example, in some aspects, a repeater may determine thata state of signal is present when the detected power of the signal is ator above a predetermined threshold. On the other hand, the repeater maydetermine that the state of the signal is none (or not present) when thedetected power of the signal is below the predetermined threshold. Insome aspects, a repeater may determine the state of a signal based onmultiple thresholds. For example, a repeater may determine that a stateof signal is present when the detected power of the signal is at orabove a first threshold, but may determine that the state of the signalis none (or not present) when the detected power of the signal is belowthe first threshold but at or above a second threshold. In this example,the repeater may determine that the state of the signal is unknown whenthe detected power of the signal is below the second threshold.

In alternative or additional aspects, a repeater may determine states ofthe different types of signals based on system configurationinformation. For example, a repeater may determine a state of the firstsignal and/or the second signal based, at least in part, onconfiguration information (e.g., system information stored in the memoryof the repeater). In these aspects, the configuration information mayspecify valid states for various types of signals, may specify validstates for signals depending on system configuration, and/or may specifydependencies. For example, the configuration information may specifythat, for a system operating in half-duplex mode via TDD, the state of afirst type of signal and the state of a second type of signal may notboth be present, or the configuration information may specify that thestate of the second type of signal depends on the state of the firsttype of signal (e.g., the state of the second type of signal is NOT thestate of the first type of signal (e.g., when the state of the firsttype of signal is present the state of the second type of signal is notpresent), or the state of the second type of signal is the same as stateof the first type of signal). In this example, when the state of one ofthe two types of signals is determined to be present, the state of theother type of signal is deemed to be not present. For example, arepeater may determine, based on the determined power of one or both ofthe first signal and the second signal, that the state of the firstsignal is present. In this example, based on the configurationinformation of the repeater, the repeater may determine that the stateof the second signal is not present. In another example, a repeater maydetermine, based on the determined power of one or both of the firstsignal and the second signal, that the state of the first signal is notpresent. In this example, based on the configuration information of therepeater, the repeater may determine that the state of the second signalis present. In still another example, a repeater may determine, based onthe determined power of one or both of the first signal and the secondsignal, that the state of the first signal is unknown. In this example,based on the configuration information of the repeater (e.g., which inthis example may specify that the state of the second type of signal isthe same as state of the first type of signal), the repeater maydetermine that the state of the second signal is also unknown.

In aspects, as noted above, a repeater may determine a state of thefirst signal and/or the second signal based, at least in part, on thedetermined power of one or both the first and second signal. In someaspects, a repeater may determine a state of the first signal and/or thesecond signal based, at least in part, on the determined power of thefirst signal only, without consideration of the determined power of thesecond signal. In some aspects, a repeater may determine a state of thefirst signal and/or the second signal based, at least in part, on thedetermined power of the second signal only, without consideration of thedetermined power of the first signal.

In some aspects, a repeater may determine a state of the first signaland/or the second signal based, at least in part, on the determinedpower of both the first signal and the second signal. In these aspects,a repeater may assign different weights to the power detection of thedifferent signals based on the reliability of the types of the signals.In some cases, a higher weight may be assigned to a first type of signalthan to a second type of signal based on the first type of signal beingmore reliable. For example, the first signal may be a first type ofsignal that may include a downlink front-haul signal, and the secondsignal may be a second type of signal that may include an uplink accesssignal. Typically, a downlink front-haul signal may be more reliablethan an uplink access signal because the downlink front-haul signal istypically transmitted at a higher transmission power due to the basestation having a higher transmission power capabilities and a largernumber of antenna elements than a UE.

In aspects, a repeater may be configured to detect a signal of a giventype based on signal characteristics of the signal. For example, arepeater may be configured to identify and/or detect signalcharacteristics of different types of signals based on systemconfiguration and/or previous processing of received signals. Based onthe signal characteristic of different types of signals, a repeater maydetect the first signal and/or the second signal by identifying thesignal characteristics of a type of a signal. For example, the firstsignal may be a first type of signal that may include a downlinkfront-haul signal, and the second signal may be a second type of signalthat may include an uplink access signal. A repeater may identify thesignal characteristics of the downlink front-haul signal and may, inthis manner, detect the downlink front-haul signal, and/or may identifythe signal characteristics of the uplink access signal and may, in thismanner, detect the uplink access signal. In aspects, as will bediscussed in more detail below with respect to block 504, the repeatermay perform additional operations (e.g., amplify and forwardoperations), based, at least in part, on the results of the signalcharacteristic detection operations described herein.

In aspects, the signal characteristics of the various types of signalsmay be provided to the repeater via a configuration message from anetwork control node or a third-party node. For example, the repeatermay receive a configuration message including the signal characteristicsof various types of signals.

In alternative or additional aspects, the signal characteristics of thevarious types of signals may be determined by the repeater based onprevious processing of received signals. For example, in aspects, arepeater may be configured to detect a subset of signals of a particulartype (e.g., may be configured to detect a signal of a particular typebased on signal characteristics of the signal as describe above), andthe spatial characteristics of signals of the particular type may beobtained by the repeater based on detection of this subset of signals.For example, the first signal may be a first type of signal that mayinclude a downlink front-haul signal, and the second signal may be asecond type of signal that may include an uplink access signal. In thisexample, a subset of signals of the first type (e.g., downlinkfront-haul signal type) may include at least one of a primarysynchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS),or a synchronization signal block (SSB) within this first type. In thisexample, a subset of signals of the second type (e.g., uplink accesssignal type) may include a physical random access channel (PRACH)preamble signal.

In another example of a repeater determining the signal characteristicsof the various types of signals based on previous processing of receivedsignals, a repeater may be configured to detect some pattern associatedwith a subset of signals of a particular type, where the spatialcharacteristics of signals of the particular type may be obtained by therepeater based on detection of the pattern. For example, SSB signals maybe associated with a pattern of strong/consistent/periodic energy comingfrom one or more specific directions. In aspects, repeater may determinethat at least a portion of at least one of the first signal or thesecond signal is transmitted with a pattern. The repeater may thendetermine a type of signal associated with the pattern, and may obtainthe signal characteristics of the first signal or the second signalbased on the determined type of signal. In some particular aspects, SSBsignals may be associated with a pattern of strong/consistent/periodicenergy coming from one or more specific directions.

In aspects, a repeater may determine a confidence level associated witha determined state of a particular signal. For example, a repeater maydetermine a confidence level associated with the determined state of thefirst signal, and/or a confidence level associated with the determinedstate of the second signal. The confidence level associated with aparticular signal may be a value indicating a likelihood that the statedetermined for the particular signal is correct. In aspects, thecandidate values for the state of a signal may be all or a subset of thepredefined states (e.g., present, none, and unknown). For example, thestates for the first signal and the second signal may be determined (orselected) from all or a subset of (e.g., present, none, and unknown). Inparticular examples, the respective states for the first signal and thesecond signal may be (present, present), (present, none), (none, none),(present, unknown), (unknown, present), (none, unknown), or (unknown,none). In this manner, the set of valid state values for the firstsignal and the second signal may be determined to be a subset of allpossible combinations of the state values with which a repeater may beconfigured.

In aspects, a repeater may determine a state of a particular signalbased on a current state of the signal. For example, a repeater may usea Markov chain model with higher probability of self-transitions thancross-transitions to determine a state of a particular signal. In someaspects, a repeater may determine a state of a particular signal basedon side information. For example, a repeater may obtain information ontiming and or frequency configurations (e.g. slot boundary information).In these cases, a state of the first signal (e.g., a downlink front-haulsignal) may have a higher probability of being present at a beginning ofa slot, while a state of the first signal (e.g., a uplink access signal)may have a higher probability of being present at the end of the slot.

It should be appreciated that aspects disclosed herein provide a robustmechanism for determining, by a repeater, states of various types ofsignals based on the power detection as described herein. The followingare examples of determining, by a repeater, the states of the firstsignal and the second signal based on aspects of the present disclosure.In one particular example, a repeater operating with half-duplexoperation via TDD may determine a state of the first signal (e.g., adownlink front-haul signal) and the second signal (e.g., an uplinkcontrol signal) based, at least in part, on the determined power of thefirst signal only. For example, the repeater may determine that thepower of the first signal exceeds a predetermined threshold. Based onthe determination that the power of the first signal exceeds apredetermined threshold (and without consideration as to the power ofthe second signal), the repeater may determine the states of the firstsignal and the second signal as (present, none), indicating that thefirst signal is present, but the second signal is not present (due tothe repeater operating in half-duplex mode). If, on the other hand, therepeater determines that the power of the first signal does not exceedthe predetermined threshold, the repeater may determine the states ofthe first signal and the second signal as (unknown, unknown), indicatingthat the states of both the first signal and the second signal areunknown.

In another particular example, a repeater operating with half-duplexoperation via TDD may determine a state of the first signal (e.g., adownlink front-haul signal) and the second signal (e.g., an uplinkcontrol signal) based, at least in part, on the determined power of thefirst signal only, and based on multiple thresholds. For example, therepeater may determine that the power of the first signal exceeds afirst threshold. Based on the determination that the power of the firstsignal exceeds the first threshold (and without consideration as to thepower of the second signal), the repeater may determine the states ofthe first signal and the second signal as (present, none), indicatingthat the first signal is present, but the second signal is not present(due to the repeater operating in half-duplex mode). In this example,when the power of the first signal is below a second threshold less thanthe first threshold, the repeater may determine the states of the firstsignal and the second signal as (none, unknown) indicating that thefirst signal is not present, but the state of the second signal is notknown. Otherwise, if the power of the first signal is not above thefirst threshold or below the second threshold, the repeater maydetermine the states of the first signal and the second signal as(unknown, unknown), indicating that the states of both the first signaland the second signal are unknown.

In yet another particular example, a repeater operating with half-duplexoperation via TDD may determine a state of the first signal (e.g., adownlink front-haul signal) and the second signal (e.g., an uplinkcontrol signal) based, at least in part, on the determined power of thefirst signal and the determined power of the second signal, and based onmultiple thresholds. For example, the repeater may determine that thepower of the first signal exceeds a first threshold and that the powerof the second signal does not exceed a second threshold. Based on thedetermination that the power of the first signal exceeds a firstthreshold and that the power of the second signal does not exceed asecond threshold, the repeater may determine the states of the firstsignal and the second signal as (present, none), indicating that thefirst signal is present, but the second signal is not present. In thisexample, when the power of the first signal does not exceed a thirdthreshold that is less than the first threshold, and the power of thesecond signal exceeds a fourth threshold that is less than the secondthreshold, the repeater may determine the states of the first signal andthe second signal as (none, present), indicating that the first signalis not present, but the second signal is present. Still in this example,when the power of the first signal does not exceed the third thresholdthat is less than the first threshold, and the power of the secondsignal does not exceed the fourth threshold that is less than the secondthreshold, the repeater may determine the states of the first signal andthe second signal as (none, none), indicating that neither the firstsignal nor the second signal is present. Otherwise, if none of the aboveconditions are present, the repeater may determine the states of thefirst signal and the second signal as (unknown, unknown) indicating thatthe states of both the first signal and the second signal are unknown.

In aspects, a repeater may perform additional operations (e.g., amplifyand forward operations), based, at least in part, on the results of thepower detection operations described above with respect to block 502.For example, in aspects, at block 504, a repeater may adjust at leastone of a first amplification parameter associated with the first signalor a second amplification parameter associated with the second signalbased, at least in part, on a respective one of the determined power ofthe first signal or the determined power of the second signal. Forexample, the first signal may be associated with a first RF chain of therepeater, and the second signal may be associated with a second RF chainof the repeater. The repeater may set a first amplification parameter(e.g., G_(max1)) for the first RF chain, and/or may set a secondamplification parameter (e.g., G_(max2)) for the second RF chain based,at least in part, on the determined power of the first signal and/or thedetermined power of the second signal.

In aspects, the amplification parameter associated with a type of signalmay be determined based on a mapping of the power detection results(e.g., a determined state of the signal) to an amplification parameter.In this manner, a mapping table may be provided that maps acorrespondence between one or more signal powers and one or moreamplification parameters. For example, a repeater may obtain a firstamplification parameter to apply to the first RF chain based on themapping of the detected power of the first signal to an amplificationparameter, and the repeater may obtain a second amplification parameterto apply to the second RF chain based on the mapping of the detectedpower of the second signal to an amplification parameter. In thisexample, the repeater may then apply the first amplification parameterto the first RF chain and the second amplification parameter to thesecond RF chain.

In additional or alternative aspects, a repeater may determine theamplification parameters associated with various types of signals basedon a two-step procedure. In the first step, a repeater may identify thestates of various types of signals, and may determine a confidence levelassociated with the identified states. In the second step, the repeatermay use the identified states, along with the confidence levelsassociated with the states, to determine the amplification parameters toapply to RF chains associated with the various types of signals. Forexample, a repeater may determine or identify a first state of the firstsignal and a second state of the second signal. In aspects, the repeatermay also determine a confidence level associated with each of thedetermined states (e.g., the first state and the second state. Inaspects, the determination of the states and the associated confidencelevels may performed in accordance with aspects described herein (e.g.,with respect to block 502). The repeater may then determine the firstamplification parameter to apply to the first RF chain based, at leastin part, on the determined state of the first signal. The repeater mayadditionally or alternatively determine the second amplificationparameter to apply to the second RF chain based, at least in part, onthe determined state of the second signal.

In some aspects, in the second step of the two-step procedure, arepeater may adjust the first amplification parameter and/or the secondamplification parameter based, at least in part, on the signalcharacteristics of the respective first or second signal. For example,as described above, a repeater may obtain signal characteristics of thefirst and/or second signal and, based on the signal characteristics, therepeater may adjust the respective amplification parameters.

In aspects, a repeater may determine the at least one of power of thefirst signal or power of the second signal concurrently with theadditional operations (e.g., amplify and forward operations). In theseaspects, the parameters used by the additional operations (e.g., theamplification parameters G_(max1) and G_(max2)) may be adjusted based onthe results of the concurrent determination of the powers of the firstand/or second signals received from the first and/or second wirelesscommunication devices, respectively. In additional or alternativeaspects, a repeater may determine the at least one of power of the firstsignal or power of the second signal at a first time period, and thenmay perform the additional operations (e.g., amplify and forwardoperations) at a second time period subsequent to the first time period.In these aspects, the parameters used by the additional operations(e.g., the amplification parameters G_(max1) and G_(max2)) may beadjusted based on the results of the power determination of the firstand/or second signals.

At block 506, a repeater may transmit at least one of the first signalbased, at least in part, on the adjusted first amplification parameteror the second signal based, at least in part, on the adjusted secondamplification parameter.

In some aspects, a repeater may communicate with a base station, such asa gNB, to transmit and/or receive information that may be used to aidthe repeater in performing operations described in this disclosure. Forexample, in some aspects, a repeater may transmit, e.g., to a basestation, an indication of the repeater's ability to determine or detecta power associated with a type of signal. As an example, a repeater mayindicate a number of power detection entities that may be supported bythe repeater. In additional aspects, a repeater may indicate whether therepeater is configured (or capable) of performing type-based powerdetection based on a first signal only, a second signal only, or bothsignals.

According to some aspects, a base station (or a network control node ora third-party server node) may also communicate information to arepeater to aid the repeater in performing operations described in thisdisclosure. For example, in some aspects, a base station may transmit toa repeater configuration information, such as information that includessignal characteristics for various types of signals (e.g., signalcharacteristic for a first signal (e.g., a downlink front-haul signal)or second signal (e.g., an uplink control signal)). In aspects, thesignal characteristics may include target angular range, elevation,power class of base station and/or UE, target coverage distance etc. Insome aspects, the configuration information may include systemconfiguration information, such as supported duplex operation mode, fullor partial information on TDD pattern, etc.

In some aspects, a base station may communicate additional informationto a repeater to aid the repeater in performing operations described inthis disclosure. For example, in some aspects, a base station maytransmit to a repeater one or more indications of one or more thresholdsto be used by the repeater for determining states of various signalsbased on power measurements and subsequent processing, as describedabove.

According to some aspects, a base station may transmit configurationinformation to a repeater in a variety of ways. For example, in someaspects, a base station may transmit configuration information to arepeater using broadcast/multi-cast signaling messages, applicationlayer signaling messages, and/or a dedicated signal messages. In someaspects, the configuration information may be provided to the repeatervia an application layer signaling from a third-party server node, orvia a dedicated signal via control interface from a network controlnode.

In some aspects, the repeater may report results (in some aspectsfiltered results) of measurements, such as various measured power valuesof various types of signals, confidence levels, states, etc., to anetwork control node or a third-party server node. The network controlnode or the third-party server node may decide a pattern (e.g., asemi-static pattern) for amplification parameters to be used inamplify-and-forward operations by the repeater. In some aspects, themeasurement report may be carried by a dedicated signal via controlinterface from the repeater to the network control node, or by anapplication layer signaling from the repeater to a third-party node.

In one or more aspects, techniques for optimizing amplificationparameters of repeaters based on signal characteristics according to oneor more aspects may include additional aspects, such as any singleaspect or any combination of aspects described below or in connectionwith one or more other processes or devices described elsewhere herein.In a first aspect, optimizing amplification parameters of repeatersbased on signal characteristics in a wireless communication system mayinclude an apparatus configured to determine at least one of power of afirst signal received from a first wireless communication device orpower of a second signal received from a second wireless communicationdevice, to adjust at least one of a first amplification parameterassociated with the first signal or a second amplification parameterassociated with the second signal based, at least in part, on at leastone of the determined power of the first signal or the determined powerof the second signal, and to transmit at least one of the first signalbased, at least in part, on the adjusted first amplification parameteror the second signal based, at least in part, on the adjusted secondamplification parameter. Additionally, the apparatus may perform oroperate according to one or more aspects as described below. In someimplementations, the apparatus includes a wireless device, such asrepeater. In some implementations, the apparatus may include at leastone processor, and a memory coupled to the processor. The processor maybe configured to perform operations described herein with respect to theapparatus. In some other implementations, the apparatus may include anon-transitory computer-readable medium having program code recordedthereon and the program code may be executable by a computer for causingthe computer to perform operations described herein with reference tothe apparatus. In some implementations, the apparatus may include one ormore means configured to perform operations described herein. In someimplementations, a method of wireless communication may include one ormore operations described herein with reference to the apparatus.

In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, thetechniques of the first aspect further comprise determining at least oneof a first state associated with the first signal or a second stateassociated with the second signal based, at least in part, on at leastone of wireless communication configuration information or at least oneof the determined first signal power or the determined second signalpower.

In a third aspect, alone or in combination with the second aspect, thetechniques of the first aspect further comprise adjusting at least oneof the first amplification parameter or the second amplificationparameter based, at least in part, on at least one of the determinedfirst state or the determined second state.

In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst aspect through the third aspect, the techniques of the firstaspect further comprise determining at least one of a first confidencelevel associated with the determined first state or a second confidencelevel associated with the determined second state.

In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with the fourth aspect, thetechniques of the first aspect further comprise adjusting at least oneof the first amplification parameter or the second amplificationparameter based, at least in part, on at least one of the determinedfirst confidence level or the determined second confidence level.

In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstaspect through the fifth aspect, the techniques of the first aspectfurther comprise determining the second state based, at least in part,on the first state.

In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst aspect through the sixth aspect, the techniques of the firstaspect further comprise determining at least one of a firstcharacteristic of the first signal or a second characteristic of thesecond signal based, at least in part, on at least one of wirelesscommunication configuration information or previous processing of atleast one of the first signal or the second signal.

In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with the seventh aspect,the techniques of the first aspect further comprise adjusting at leastone of the first amplification parameter or the second amplificationparameter based, at least in part, on at least one of the determinedfirst characteristic or the determined second characteristic.

In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstaspect through the eighth aspect, the previous processing includes atleast one of a determination that at least one of the first signal orthe second signal includes at least one of a PSS, an SSS, or an SSB, adetermination that at least one of the first signal or the second signalincludes a PRACH, or a determination that at least a portion of at leastone of the first signal or the second signal is transmitted with apattern.

In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the firstaspect through the ninth aspect, the techniques of the first aspectfurther comprise adjusting at least one of the first amplificationparameter or the second amplification parameter based, at least in part,on a mapping table that maps a correspondence between one or more signalpowers and one or more amplification parameters.

In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of thefirst aspect through the tenth aspect, the techniques of the firstaspect further comprise determining at least one of the power of thefirst signal or the power of the second signal during a first timeperiod.

In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with the eleventh aspect,the techniques of the first aspect further comprise adjusting at leastone of the first amplification parameter or the second amplificationparameter during a second time period that is later in time than thefirst time period and does not overlap with the first time period.

Those of skill in the art would understand that information and signalsmay be represented using any of a variety of different technologies andtechniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information,signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout theabove description may be represented by voltages, currents,electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields orparticles, or any combination thereof.

Components, the functional blocks, and the modules described herein withrespect to FIGS. 1-5 include processors, electronics devices, hardwaredevices, electronics components, logical circuits, memories, softwarecodes, firmware codes, among other examples, or any combination thereof.In addition, features discussed herein may be implemented viaspecialized processor circuitry, via executable instructions, orcombinations thereof.

Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrativelogical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described inconnection with the disclosure herein may be implemented as electronichardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearlyillustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, variousillustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have beendescribed above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether suchfunctionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon theparticular application and design constraints imposed on the overallsystem. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality invarying ways for each particular application, but such implementationdecisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from thescope of the present disclosure. Skilled artisans will also readilyrecognize that the order or combination of components, methods, orinteractions that are described herein are merely examples and that thecomponents, methods, or interactions of the various aspects of thepresent disclosure may be combined or performed in ways other than thoseillustrated and described herein.

The various illustrative logics, logical blocks, modules, circuits andalgorithm processes described in connection with the implementationsdisclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computersoftware, or combinations of both. The interchangeability of hardwareand software has been described generally, in terms of functionality,and illustrated in the various illustrative components, blocks, modules,circuits and processes described above. Whether such functionality isimplemented in hardware or software depends upon the particularapplication and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

The hardware and data processing apparatus used to implement the variousillustrative logics, logical blocks, modules and circuits described inconnection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented orperformed with a general purpose single- or multi-chip processor, adigital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integratedcircuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or otherprogrammable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discretehardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform thefunctions described herein. A general purpose processor may be amicroprocessor, or, any conventional processor, controller,microcontroller, or state machine. In some implementations, a processormay be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as acombination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality ofmicroprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSPcore, or any other such configuration. In some implementations,particular processes and methods may be performed by circuitry that isspecific to a given function.

In one or more aspects, the functions described may be implemented inhardware, digital electronic circuitry, computer software, firmware,including the structures disclosed in this specification and theirstructural equivalents thereof, or in any combination thereof.Implementations of the subject matter described in this specificationalso may be implemented as one or more computer programs, that is one ormore modules of computer program instructions, encoded on a computerstorage media for execution by, or to control the operation of, dataprocessing apparatus.

If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on ortransmitted over as one or more instructions or code on acomputer-readable medium. The processes of a method or algorithmdisclosed herein may be implemented in a processor-executable softwaremodule which may reside on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readablemedia includes both computer storage media and communication mediaincluding any medium that may be enabled to transfer a computer programfrom one place to another. A storage media may be any available mediathat may be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and notlimitation, such computer-readable media may include random-accessmemory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmableread-only memory (EEPROM), CD-ROM or other optical disk storage,magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any othermedium that may be used to store desired program code in the form ofinstructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a computer.Also, any connection may be properly termed a computer-readable medium.Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc,optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk, and Blu-raydisc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discsreproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above shouldalso be included within the scope of computer-readable media.Additionally, the operations of a method or algorithm may reside as oneor any combination or set of codes and instructions on a machinereadable medium and computer-readable medium, which may be incorporatedinto a computer program product.

Various modifications to the implementations described in thisdisclosure may be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and thegeneric principles defined herein may be applied to some otherimplementations without departing from the spirit or scope of thisdisclosure. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to theimplementations shown herein, but are to be accorded the widest scopeconsistent with this disclosure, the principles and the novel featuresdisclosed herein.

Additionally, a person having ordinary skill in the art will readilyappreciate, the terms “upper” and “lower” are sometimes used for ease ofdescribing the figures, and indicate relative positions corresponding tothe orientation of the figure on a properly oriented page, and may notreflect the proper orientation of any device as implemented.

Certain features that are described in this specification in the contextof separate implementations also may be implemented in combination in asingle implementation. Conversely, various features that are describedin the context of a single implementation also may be implemented inmultiple implementations separately or in any suitable subcombination.Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certaincombinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more featuresfrom a claimed combination may in some cases be excised from thecombination, and the claimed combination may be directed to asubcombination or variation of a subcombination.

Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particularorder, this should not be understood as requiring that such operationsbe performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, orthat all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirableresults. Further, the drawings may schematically depict one more exampleprocesses in the form of a flow diagram. However, other operations thatare not depicted may be incorporated in the example processes that areschematically illustrated. For example, one or more additionaloperations may be performed before, after, simultaneously, or betweenany of the illustrated operations. In certain circumstances,multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, theseparation of various system components in the implementations describedabove should not be understood as requiring such separation in allimplementations, and it should be understood that the described programcomponents and systems may generally be integrated together in a singlesoftware product or packaged into multiple software products.Additionally, some other implementations are within the scope of thefollowing claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims maybe performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results.

As used herein, including in the claims, the term “or,” when used in alist of two or more items, means that any one of the listed items may beemployed by itself, or any combination of two or more of the listeditems may be employed. For example, if a composition is described ascontaining components A, B, or C, the composition may contain A alone; Balone; C alone; A and B in combination; A and C in combination; B and Cin combination; or A, B, and C in combination. Also, as used herein,including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items prefaced by “atleast one of” indicates a disjunctive list such that, for example, alist of “at least one of A, B, or C” means A or B or C or AB or AC or BCor ABC (that is A and B and C) or any of these in any combinationthereof. The term “substantially” is defined as largely but notnecessarily wholly what is specified (and includes what is specified;for example, substantially 90 degrees includes 90 degrees andsubstantially parallel includes parallel), as understood by a person ofordinary skill in the art. In any disclosed implementations, the term“substantially” may be substituted with “within [a percentage] of” whatis specified, where the percentage includes 0.1, 1, 5, or 10 percent.

The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable anyperson skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Variousmodifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to thoseskilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may beapplied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scopeof the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited tothe examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded thewidest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosedherein.

1. A method for wireless communication performed by a wirelesscommunication device, the method comprising: determining at least one ofpower of a first signal received from a first wireless communicationdevice to provide a determined first signal power or power of a secondsignal received from a second wireless communication device to provide adetermined second signal power; determining at least one of a firststate associated with the first signal to provide a determined firststate or a second state associated with the second signal to provide adetermined second state based, at least in part, on at least one ofwireless communication configuration information or at least one of thedetermined first signal power or the determined second signal power;determining at least one of a first confidence level associated with thedetermined first state to provide a determined first confidence level ora second confidence level associated with the determined second state toprovide a determined second confidence level; adjusting at least one ofa first amplification parameter associated with the first signal toprovide an adjusted first amplification parameter or a secondamplification parameter associated with the second signal to provide anadjusted second amplification parameter based, at least in part, on atleast one of the determined first confidence level or the determinedsecond confidence level; and transmitting at least one of the firstsignal based, at least in part, on the adjusted first amplificationparameter or the second signal based, at least in part, on the adjustedsecond amplification parameter.
 2. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: adjusting at least one of the first amplification parameteror the second amplification parameter based, at least in part, on atleast one of the determined first state or the determined second state.3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: and adjusting at least oneof the first amplification parameter or the second amplificationparameter based, at least in part, on at least one of the determinedfirst signal power or the determined second signal power.
 4. The methodof claim 1, further comprising determining the second state based, atleast in part, on the first state.
 5. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: determining at least one of a first characteristic of thefirst signal to provide a determined first characteristic or a secondcharacteristic of the second signal to provide a determined secondcharacteristic based, at least in part, on at least one of wirelesscommunication configuration information or previous processing of atleast one of the first signal or the second signal; and adjusting atleast one of the first amplification parameter or the secondamplification parameter based, at least in part, on at least one of thedetermined first characteristic or the determined second characteristic.6. The method of claim 5, wherein the previous processing includes atleast one of: a determination that at least one of the first signal orthe second signal includes at least one of a primary synchronizationsignal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), or asynchronization signal block (SSB); a determination that at least one ofthe first signal or the second signal includes a physical random accesschannel (PRACH) preamble signal; or a determination that at least aportion of at least one of the first signal or the second signal istransmitted with a pattern.
 7. The method of claim 1, further comprisingadjusting at least one of the first amplification parameter or thesecond amplification parameter based, at least in part, on a mappingtable that maps a correspondence between one or more signal powers andone or more amplification parameters.
 8. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: determining at least one of the power of the first signal orthe power of the second signal during a first time period; and adjustingat least one of the first amplification parameter or the secondamplification parameter during a second time period that is later intime than the first time period and does not overlap with the first timeperiod.
 9. A wireless communication device, comprising: at least oneprocessor; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor,instructions stored in memory and operable, when executed by the atleast one processor to cause the wireless communication device to:determine at least one of power of a first signal received from a firstwireless communication device to provide a determined first signal poweror power of a second signal received from a second wirelesscommunication device to provide a determined second signal power;determine at least one of a first state associated with the first signalto provide a determined first state or a second state associated withthe second signal to provide a determined second state based, at leastin part, on at least one of wireless communication configurationinformation or at least one of the determined first signal power or thedetermined second signal power; determine at least one of a firstconfidence level associated with the determined first state to provide adetermined first confidence level or a second confidence levelassociated with the determined second state to provide a determinedsecond confidence level; adjust at least one of a first amplificationparameter associated with the first signal to provide an adjusted firstamplification parameter or a second amplification parameter associatedwith the second signal to provide an adjusted second amplificationparameter based, at least in part, on at least one of the determinedfirst confidence level or the determined second confidence level; andtransmit at least one of the first signal based, at least in part, onthe adjusted first amplification parameter or the second signal based,at least in part, on the adjusted second amplification parameter. 10.The wireless communication device of claim 9, wherein the at least oneprocessor causes the wireless communication device to: adjust at leastone of the first amplification parameter or the second amplificationparameter based, at least in part, on at least one of the determinedfirst state or the determined second state.
 11. The wirelesscommunication device of claim 9, wherein the at least one processorcauses the wireless communication device to: adjust at least one of thefirst amplification parameter or the second amplification parameterbased, at least in part, on at least one of the determined first signalpower or the determined second signal power.
 12. The wirelesscommunication device of claim 9, wherein the at least one processorcauses the wireless communication device to determine the second statebased, at least in part, on the first state.
 13. The wirelesscommunication device of claim 9, wherein the at least one processorcauses the wireless communication device to: determine at least one of afirst characteristic of the first signal to provide a determined firstcharacteristic or a second characteristic of the second signal toprovide a determined second characteristic based, at least in part, onat least one of wireless communication configuration information orprevious processing of at least one of the first signal or the secondsignal; and adjust at least one of the first amplification parameter orthe second amplification parameter based, at least in part, on at leastone of the determined first characteristic or the determined secondcharacteristic.
 14. The wireless communication device of claim 13,wherein the previous processing includes at least one of: adetermination that at least one of the first signal or the second signalincludes at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS), asecondary synchronization signal (SSS), or a synchronization signalblock (SSB); a determination that at least one of the first signal orthe second signal includes a physical random access channel (PRACH)preamble signal; or a determination that at least a portion of at leastone of the first signal or the second signal is transmitted with apattern.
 15. The wireless communication device of claim 9, wherein theat least one processor causes the wireless communication device toadjust at least one of the first amplification parameter or the secondamplification parameter based, at least in part, on a mapping table thatmaps a correspondence between one or more signal powers and one or moreamplification parameters.
 16. The wireless communication device of claim9, wherein the at least one processor causes the wireless communicationdevice to: determine at least one of the power of the first signal orthe power of the second signal during a first time period; and adjust atleast one of the first amplification parameter or the secondamplification parameter during a second time period that is later intime than the first time period and does not overlap with the first timeperiod. 17.-30. (canceled)
 31. A method for wireless communicationperformed by a wireless communication device, the method comprising:determining at least one of a first characteristic of a first signal toprovide a determined first characteristic or a second characteristic ofa second signal to provide a determined second characteristic based, atleast in part, on previous processing of at least one of the firstsignal or the second signal, wherein the previous processing includes atleast one of: a determination that at least one of the first signal orthe second signal includes at least one of a primary synchronizationsignal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), or asynchronization signal block (SSB); a determination that at least one ofthe first signal or the second signal includes a physical random accesschannel (PRACH) preamble signal; or a determination that at least aportion of at least one of the first signal or the second signal istransmitted with a pattern; adjusting at least one of a firstamplification parameter associated with the first signal to provide anadjusted first amplification parameter or a second amplificationparameter associated with the second signal to provide an adjustedsecond amplification parameter based, at least in part, on at least oneof the determined first characteristic or the determined secondcharacteristic; and transmitting at least one of the first signal based,at least in part, on the adjusted first amplification parameter or thesecond signal based, at least in part, on the adjusted secondamplification parameter.
 32. The method of claim 31, further comprising:determining at least one of power of a first signal received from afirst wireless communication device to provide a determined first signalpower or power of a second signal received from a second wirelesscommunication device to provide a determined second signal power;determining at least one of a first state associated with the firstsignal to provide a determined first state or a second state associatedwith the second signal to provide a determined second state based, atleast in part, on at least one of wireless communication configurationinformation or at least one of the determined first signal power or thedetermined second signal power; and adjusting at least one of the firstamplification parameter or the second amplification parameter based, atleast in part, on at least one of the determined first state or thedetermined second state.
 33. The method of claim 32, further comprising:determining at least one of a first confidence level associated with thedetermined first state to provide a determined first confidence level ora second confidence level associated with the determined second state toprovide a determined second confidence level; and adjusting at least oneof the first amplification parameter or the second amplificationparameter based, at least in part, on at least one of the determinedfirst confidence level or the determined second confidence level. 34.The method of claim 32, further comprising determining the second statebased, at least in part, on the first state.
 35. The method of claim 31,further comprising: determining at least one of power of a first signalreceived from a first wireless communication device to provide adetermined first signal power or power of a second signal received froma second wireless communication device to provide a determined secondsignal power; and adjusting at least one of the first amplificationparameter or the second amplification parameter based, at least in part,on at least one of the determined first signal power or the determinedsecond signal power.
 36. The method of claim 31, further comprisingadjusting at least one of the first amplification parameter or thesecond amplification parameter based, at least in part, on a mappingtable that maps a correspondence between one or more signal powers andone or more amplification parameters.
 37. The method of claim 31,further comprising: determining at least one of power of the firstsignal or power of the second signal during a first time period; andadjusting at least one of the first amplification parameter or thesecond amplification parameter during a second time period that is laterin time than the first time period and does not overlap with the firsttime period.
 38. A wireless communication device, comprising: at leastone processor; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor,instructions stored in memory and operable, when executed by theprocessor to cause the wireless communication device to: determine atleast one of a first characteristic of a first signal to provide adetermined first characteristic or a second characteristic of a secondsignal to provide a determined second characteristic based, at least inpart, on previous processing of at least one of the first signal or thesecond signal, wherein the previous processing includes at least one of:a determination that at least one of the first signal or the secondsignal includes at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS),a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), or a synchronization signalblock (SSB); a determination that at least one of the first signal orthe second signal includes a physical random access channel (PRACH)preamble signal; or a determination that at least a portion of at leastone of the first signal or the second signal is transmitted with apattern; adjust at least one of a first amplification parameterassociated with the first signal to provide an adjusted firstamplification parameter or a second amplification parameter associatedwith the second signal to provide an adjusted second amplificationparameter based, at least in part, on at least one of the determinedfirst characteristic or the determined second characteristic; andtransmit at least one of the first signal based, at least in part, onthe adjusted first amplification parameter or the second signal based,at least in part, on the adjusted second amplification parameter. 39.The wireless communication device of claim 38, wherein the at least oneprocessor causes the wireless communication device to: determine atleast one of power of a first signal received from a first wirelesscommunication device to provide a determined first signal power or powerof a second signal received from a second wireless communication deviceto provide a determined second signal power; determine at least one of afirst state associated with the first signal to provide a determinedfirst state or a second state associated with the second signal toprovide a determined second state based, at least in part, on at leastone of wireless communication configuration information or at least oneof the determined first signal power or the determined second signalpower; and adjust at least one of the first amplification parameter orthe second amplification parameter based, at least in part, on at leastone of the determined first state or the determined second state. 40.The wireless communication device of claim 39, wherein the at least oneprocessor causes the wireless communication device to: determine atleast one of a first confidence level associated with the determinedfirst state to provide a determined first confidence level or a secondconfidence level associated with the determined second state to providea determined second confidence level; and adjust at least one of thefirst amplification parameter or the second amplification parameterbased, at least in part, on at least one of the determined firstconfidence level or the determined second confidence level.
 41. Thewireless communication device of claim 39, wherein the at least oneprocessor causes the wireless communication device to determine thesecond state based, at least in part, on the first state.
 42. Thewireless communication device of claim 38, wherein the at least oneprocessor causes the wireless communication device to: determine atleast one of power of a first signal received from a first wirelesscommunication device to provide a determined first signal power or powerof a second signal received from a second wireless communication deviceto provide a determined second signal power; and adjust at least one ofthe first amplification parameter or the second amplification parameterbased, at least in part, on at least one of the determined first signalpower or the determined second signal power.
 43. The wirelesscommunication device of claim 38, wherein the at least one processorcauses the wireless communication device to adjust at least one of thefirst amplification parameter or the second amplification parameterbased, at least in part, on a mapping table that maps a correspondencebetween one or more signal powers and one or more amplificationparameters.
 44. The wireless communication device of claim 38, whereinthe at least one processor causes the wireless communication device to:determine at least one of power of the first signal or power of thesecond signal during a first time period; and adjust at least one of thefirst amplification parameter or the second amplification parameterduring a second time period that is later in time than the first timeperiod and does not overlap with the first time period.